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A99.2%D(yu)Ʒ
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r(ji)
1
1500.00Ԫ/
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r(ji)늃x
l(f)˾ɽ|ɷ˾
؛60000
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l(f)r(sh)g20221014
Ч20221114
ھ(xin)ԃ(xn)P(pn)ھ(xin)ԃ(xn)P(pn)
a(chn)ƷCϢ|(zh)δӋ
Ϣ
̼cɫĩwo(w)ζЉAljAԵ}ˮ¶ÿ՚u 1mol/Lˮ(s15%)400r(sh)_(ki)ʼʧȥֽ̼ⲢvˮҜؕr(sh)3.535r(sh)2.2ݣҴˮҺʏApH11.6ܶ2.53c(din)851딵30գСǻ116.6mg/kgд̼ɚc̼l(f)W(xu)Y϶
2.2̼ܽcˮ20z϶ȕr(sh)һٿˮ20̼cڟo(w)ˮҴڱ̼cһNA}ˮl(f)ˮⷴ(̼cˮ(hu )a(chn)̼c͚cʹҺ@AһĸgcM(jn)ЏͷֽⷴNa2CO3+H2SO4==Na2SO4+H2O+CO2↑}ų̼
2.3^ߜҲɷֽcͶ̼L(chng)ڱ¶ڿ՚տ՚еˮּ̼̼cYӲKԺ YӲKڸߜҲֽнYˮ̼c3NNa2CO3·H2ONa2CO3·7H2O Na2CO3·10H2O
2.4 W(xu)ڣ298.15K100kğW(xu)

̼c
B(ti)s
˜ĦɟΔfHmθkJ·mol^-1-1130.7
˜Ħɼ˹ΔfGmθkJ·mol^-1-1044.4
˜SmθJ·mol^-1·K^-1135.0
2.5 (li)e̼cڏA}A}ljAǏA}̼cˮҺx̼xcˮКxӽYϳ̼xҺКxӜpʣxĚxҺpH@Aԣ
Na2CO3 ==== 2Na++CO32-
CO32- +H2O ==== HCO3- + OH-
HCO3- + H2O ==== H2CO3 + OH-
W(xu)|(zh) 3.1 L(fng)̼cĽYˮʯA(Na2CO3·10H2O)ڸĿ՚L(fng)
Na2CO3·10H2O====Na2CO3+10H2O
3.2 cᷴNa2CO3+ 2HCl^(gu) ==== 2NaCl +H2CO3
ֽ̼ɶ̼ˮ
H2CO3====H2O + CO2↑
Na2CO3+ HCl ==== NaCl + NaHCO3
3.3 cANa2CO3+ Ca(OH)2==== 2NaOH + CaCO3↓̼}ɫyˮᣩ
3.4 c}Na2CO3+ BaCl2==== 2NaCl + BaCO3↓̼^ɫyˮᣩ
3Na2CO3+ Al2(SO4)3+ 3H2O ==== 2Al(OH)3↓+ 3Na2SO4+ 3CO2↑
XɫyˮA
Na2CO3+CaCl2=====2NaCl+CaCO3↓
3.5 cH2OCO2Na2CO3+ H2O + CO2==== 2NaHCO3ډAԭh(hun)г
a(chn)4.1 g(sh)l(f)չʷ
4.1.1 (sh)ҷ
(sh)ȡ̼c2NaOH + CO2==== Na2CO3+ H2O
4.1.2 βm
^1791˾_(ki)ʼʳ}úʯʯԭa(chn)̼cǞβm
˷ԭòڄ(dng)la(chn)Ʒ|(zh)uS
4.1.3S
1859r(sh)Sʳ}ˮ̼ԭҜҺ̼cӟֽ̼c˂˷Q(chng)ƉA˷һֱ
4.1.4 °
1943Ї˺°W(xu)w(li)YЇȵȱ}ć SM(jn)иM(jn)AͺϳɰɴI(y)(lin)ͬr(sh)a(chn)̼cͻȻ@ʳ}ǞƉA
4.2 ԭ
ƉAͺƉAҪW(xu)ʽ飺
ʽһNaCl + CO2+ NH3·H2O ==== NaHCO3↓+ NH4Cl
NaHCO3̼cֻ@Nl̼cܽԓlµ̼ܽcw(jng)^(gu)Võ̼cw
ʽ2NaHCO3==Δ== Na2CO3+ CO2↑+ H2O
ƉAͺƉAͬϷ(g)ȡ^(gu)NH3ѭh(hun)ʹõģ
2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 ==Δ== 2NH3↑+ CaCl2+ 2H2O
Ϸ(g)ȡ^(gu)NH4Clֱ鼃Aĸa(chn)Ʒ----
ϷĮa(chn)Ʒ̼ca(chn)Ȼ}ϷĮa(chn)Ʒ̼ca(chn)Ȼ@
4.3 ƉAԔ
NaClͣ + NH3+ H2O + CO2==== NH4Cl + NaHCO3
2NaHCO3==Δ== Na2CO3+ H2O + CO2↑
cˮͶ̼һӵ̼@@ǿǰ
1NH3+ H2O + CO2==== NH4HCO3
ڶǣ̼@cȻcɵ̼cȻ@̼c֮Գܽ^С
2 NH4HCO3 + NaClͣ ==== NH4Cl + NaHCO3↓
ϳɵ̼cֱֿӳS(chng)N(xio)̼c(hu )ӟֽ̼cɵĶ̼»صǰ
32NaHCO3==Δ== Na2CO3+ H2O+ CO2↑
NH4ClܽȱNaClڵ͜ sNaClܽСԭ 278K 283K(5 桫 10 棩 r(sh)ĸҺмʳ}ʹNH4ClΪY
˷(yu)c(din)˰Aă(yu)c(din)ȱc(din)ʹʳ}ߵ96 %NH4Cl cϳɰS(chng)(lin)ʹϳɰԭϚCO DCO2CaCO3CO2@һ
4.4 ̼cļg(sh)ָ
ָĿ | ָ | ||
1(li) | 2(li) | 3(li) | |
A%) | 99 | 98 | 96 |
Ȼ%) | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.2 |
ˮ%) | 0.04 | 0.1 | 0.15 |
F%) | 0.004 | 0.006 | 0.010 |
}%) | 0.03 | 0.08 | - |
ʧ(%) | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.3 |
̼cҪĻԭ֮һVpջW(xu)I(y)ʳƷI(y)ұʯtˎI(lng) W(xu)Ʒԭϴϴ섩Ҳg(sh)ͷI(lng)
^ڹI(y)һС֞ڹI(y)üAҪpW(xu)I(y)sռ2/3ұʯtˎI(y)I(y)ǼA^MT(mn)ÿļA0.2W(xu)I(y)ˮtcccСKɰcұI(y)ұۄxVøx䓺͟RÓӡȾI(y)ܛˮƸ﹤I(y)ԭƤÓ֬кttҺA߀a(chn)ϳϴ섩ӄcc}ʳüAa(chn)ζʳ[2]
5.1 MI(lng)I(lng)I(y)ǼA^MT(mn)ÿļA0.2
W(xu)I(y)ˮtcccСKɰc
ұI(y)ұۄxVøx䓺͟RÓ
ӡȾI(y)ܛˮ
Ƹ﹤I(y)ԭƤÓ֬кttҺA
ջa(chn)ϳϴ섩ӄcc}
ʳƷI(y)ʳüAa(chn)ζʳ
ڷI(lng)И˶Һ yX~U\zҺȫѪˮжۄٽ
5.2 MY^̼cڹI(y)һС֞
ڹI(y)I(lng)AҪpW(xu)I(y)sռ2/3ұʯtˎI(y)sռ1/3
ɽ|ɷ˾Ϣ
ɽ|F҇dzĸºI(y)F1998ڳɹĿǰa(chn)߿Ƽ}a(chn)Ʒ100NҪa(chn)ƷAȻ}ȻVƬAʮ,廯h(hun)(sh)֬,ȻˮVcϵ,cϵ,VVϵЮa(chn)Ʒ:Aa(chn)ϷdzȻ}ȻV}ȼĮa(chn)ǁdzV݁(li)Q˾(ԭVݳƼ˾)2004ɽ|FȻVa(chn)ƷVN(xio)k̎ĻƼ˾Ҫɽ|Fa(chn)ƷڏV|^N(xio)ۺƏV˾^(yu)ݵăr(ji),^(yu)|(zh),^`Ľ(jng)I(yng)ʽ^Ƶۺ(w)ṩ^M(mn)Įa(chn)ƷgӭV͑(h)(li)ˁ(li)ǢՄ(chung )x .
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a(chn)Ʒԣ
Ӌλ ؛60000 Сӆ1 a(chn)Ʒr(ji) Ʒƣ Ҏ̖ bf(shu)